Intraserebral Hematoma (Intraserebral Bleeding)

Intraserebral hematoma is a serious and life-threatening condition caused by the accumulation of blood within the brain tissue. It typically develops due to the rupture of small blood vessels.

Characteristics

• Bleeding occurs directly into the brain parenchyma.

• It causes a mass effect (pressure) and edema in the brain tissue.

• It can rapidly lead to brain damage and increased intracranial pressure.

Causes

• Hypertension (the most common cause)

• Trauma (following head injuries)

• Rupture of an aneurysm or arteriovenous malformation

• Tumors (tumors with a tendency to bleed)

• Use of anticoagulant or thrombolytic medications

• Blood disorders (coagulopathies)

Symptoms

• Sudden-onset headache

• Altered consciousness or loss of consciousness

• Weakness or paralysis on one side of the body (hemiplegia)

• Speech impairment

• Vision problems

• Seizures

Diagnosis

• CT Scan (Computed Tomography): The first preferred method; shows blood in the brain tissue as a hyperdense area.

• MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Provides detailed evaluation, especially for subacute or chronic bleeding.

Treatment

• Medical treatment: Reducing intracranial pressure, controlling blood pressure, and preventing seizures.

• Surgical treatment: Surgical drainage (craniotomy or minimally invasive methods) for large hematomas or rapidly deteriorating patients.

• The underlying cause of bleeding, such as hypertension, must be identified and treated.

Outcome

• The prognosis of intraserebral hematoma depends on the location and size of the bleeding, the patient's level of consciousness, and their overall health. In severe cases, the risk of death or permanent disability is high.