Spinal Tumors (Spinal Cord Tumors)

Spinal cord tumors are abnormal cell growths that develop within the spinal cord, the spinal cord membranes, or surrounding tissues. These tumors can put pressure on the spinal cord and nerve roots, leading to neurological symptoms.

Classification

Spinal tumors are classified into three main groups based on their location:

1. Intradural-Intramedullary Tumors:
   These develop within the spinal cord tissue itself.
   Examples: Astrocytoma, ependymoma.

2. Intradural-Extramedullary Tumors:
   These are located within the spinal cord membranes but outside the spinal cord tissue.
   Examples: Meningioma, schwannoma, neurofibroma.

3. Extradural Tumors:
   These arise from the spinal bones or press on the spinal cord.
   Metastatic tumors typically fall into this group.

Symptoms

• Pain:

  • Persistent or worsening pain in the spinal region, particularly at night.

  • Radicular pain radiating to the arms and legs.

• Neurological Deficits:

  • Numbness, tingling (paresthesia).

  • Muscle weakness or paralysis.

  • Loss of bladder or bowel control (sphincter dysfunction).

• Motor and Sensory Impairments:

  • Difficulty walking or balance issues.

  • Sensory loss.

Diagnostic Methods

• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI):

  • Primary tool for determining the location, size, and effect of the tumor on the spinal cord.

• CT Scan:

  • Used to evaluate bone structures and tumor relationships.

• Biopsy:

  • May be required to confirm the type of tumor.

Treatment

• Surgical Treatment:

  • Tumor removal is often the first line of treatment. Micro-surgical techniques are used to reduce the risk of damage to surrounding tissues.

• Radiotherapy:

  • Used for malignant tumors or cases where surgery is not feasible.

• Chemotherapy:

  • Preferred for certain malignant tumors.

• Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation:

  • Essential after treatment to help restore neurological function.

Prognosis

The prognosis of spinal cord tumors depends on the tumor type, size, location, and response to treatment. Early diagnosis and intervention are critical in preventing neurological damage and improving outcomes.