Syringomyelia

Syringomyelia is a condition where a fluid-filled cyst (syrinx) forms within the spinal cord. Over time, this cyst expands and compresses the spinal cord tissue, leading to various neurological problems.

Characteristics

• The syrinx typically starts in the cervical (neck) spinal cord but may extend along the entire spinal cord.

• The growth of the cyst disrupts the function of the spinal cord nerves.

Causes

• Chiari Malformation Type I (one of the most common causes)

• Spinal cord trauma

• Spinal cord tumors

• Infections like meningitis

• Idiopathic syringomyelia (in some cases, the cause is unknown)

Symptoms

• Loss of sensation in the shoulders and arms (especially decreased sensation to pain and temperature)

• Muscle weakness and atrophy (wasting) in the hands

• Back and neck pain

• Spasticity (muscle stiffness)

• Bladder and bowel control problems

• Difficulty walking

Diagnosis

• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Shows the fluid-filled cyst within the spinal cord.

• Underlying causes, such as Chiari malformation or tumors, can also be detected via imaging.

Treatment

• Treatment of underlying causes: For example, decompression surgery for Chiari malformation.

• Direct interventions: Draining the syrinx or placing a shunt to reduce pressure on the spinal cord.

• In mild or non-progressive cases, regular monitoring may be recommended.

Outcome

• Early treatment can stop or slow the progression of the disease. In advanced cases, nerve damage may be permanent.